9.2 - Cross-referencing clitics
As noted in Chapter 5, verb objects, as well as complements of time, location and means or instrument, are usually cross-referenced by clitic pronouns, even when they are also encoded by overt noun phrases.
Clitics always appear in the second position of a clause, attached to the element in the first position, which is an auxiliary verb, a clausal conjunction or a topicalized phrase. It is common to find multiple clitic pronouns in a single clause. In this case, they form a chain, and their relative order is strictly determined by the following hyerarchy:
- 1st person direct or indirect object
- 2nd person direct or indirect object
- reflexive
- emphatic
- 3rd person direct object
- 3rd person indirect object
- temporal
- local
- modal/instrumental
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