The Arden Reference Grammar

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Verbal Derivation

Verbs are mostly derived by means of infixes rather than suffixes. These derivational morphemes are infixed before the vowel of the last syllable of the root. If the root is monosyllabic, or if the base word is in turn derived, the affix turn into a regular suffix. When a polysyllabic root ends in a vowel, an /n/ is suffixed to the derivation, since all Arden verbs end with a consonant.

Infixes apply to both nouns and verbs. They are listed below:

The affix of action is used for the general, vague relationship of "doing something related with...". The inchoative is frequently used with nouns of state with the meaning of "getting into that state". The frequentative is used to signify activities rather than single actions. The causative is mainly used to make double-transitive verbs. All of these affixes have a wide range of applicability, which often overlaps that of the suffixes listed below.

Plain suffixes only apply to nouns and have a more restricted usage:

From a part of the day, or a natural event connected to the time of day:

• Approaching to said time of day: -(n)ac
• Being at that time of day, or happening of the related event: -(n)im/(n)um

From a weather condition, or a natural event connected to weather:

• Turning to that weather condition: -(n)ec /(n)oc
• Existence of said condition, or happening of the related event: -(w)il/(y)ul

From the name of a sound or a noise:

• Making said sound once: -(l)aþ
• Making that sound repeatedly: -(n)iss/(n)uss

From the name of a tool or a device:

• Using that tool: -(t)or/(t)ur

Verbs formed with the suffixes -(n)ac, -(n)um, -(n)oc, -(y)ul are all impersonal verbs.

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